Lords of the Earth Campaign 31

Turn 2: Anno Domini 1405 - 1408

Industrial Stage One: The Dawn of the Modern Age

Click here to go back to Lords of the Earth Campaign 31 home page.

TURN 2 is due Friday, 28 January 2000.

ANNOUNCEMENTS AND GM COMMENTS

Welcome to Lords of the Earth, Campaign 31! This is a game of empire building set in an historical setting. You will have the chance to control the rise and fall of empires through political, economic, military, espionage, and religious activities. Since this is an open-ended game, covering a span of centuries, you will have the opportunity to do pretty much anything you can imagine.

I'm shooting for a 4-week turn-around for this campaign - two weeks for you to submit your orders and two weeks for me to process them. Maps are available on the Lords-31 website.

If you want to submit material for the newsfax, either as the "mouthings of the emperor" or as background material to help me write things up, by all means do so. However, I reserve the right to make necessary changes.

Things to consider: I developed this campaign based on historical situations as best as I could determine. If there are any glaring mistakes in the setup -- we'll just say, welcome to my version of reality. Most countries start with very similar government stats in order to prevent any gross errors on my part form imbalancing the game right from the beginning. There are some inherent instability in some countries but those factors may not cause historical results. Likewise, inherently stable countries can have unfortunate events occur to them, though no events have been preordained.

I sent out a policy for payment of fees, etc. in the admin instructions prior to Turn one being due. I am now modifying that policy due to a circumstance that may have occurred. If your country is negative in balance, I'm going to give it away to someone else if that is not resolved by the next turn's due date. If your country has a zero balance and no orders are received, I'm going to offer it to other potential players. The reason for this change is the possibility of someone using an alias e-mail name and address to get the stat sheet of another nation and then not sending in orders or fees for that position. The position then suffers a terrible fate due to perfect intel on the aggressors part with no movement orders for the defender. If I have to give up a player position, I will hold processing of that part of the world until a replacement player has the opportunity to submit orders - typically the same day.

That brings us to the status and execution of NPN's and positions that fail to turn in orders. I will use my "best" judgment in these circumstances; if the players near this position are actively participating, then the NPN will be very passive, concentrating on PWB and investments. If the nearby players are not very active then the NPN will move out and try to dp the adjacent regions.

Some notes and observations from turn-2:

• Unless you are a Religious Primate, you need two other countries to join you in calling a holy war or it can't happen.
• Remember, Lords-31 has four year turns vice the "normal" five year turns. You have to modify your income by the tax rate on your stat sheet, but you don't need to modify your expenses - the program has already done that.
• Speaking of four year turns, that also limits your total action points per turn.
• Looting and raiding: be sure you count the cost of entering the region - particularly looting, which requires you to actually control the region you're looting.
• Unless you pay for rebuilding city walls (gp not nfp) you lose them when you expand a city.
• For battles which involve armies with similar die modifiers, it is possible to keep going until there is no one left. I am looking into Lorne Colmar's modified combat system and others to see what is the best for this campaign, but I recommend that you tell me a break off point so your army won't completely disappear if the rolls go against you.

Good Luck to all!

- Dave Salter

RULES ERRATA AND REMINDERS

Colonization: Any region that is cultivated or has been cultivated and is less than 2 GPV can be increased in value up to 2 GPV for the cost of 15 gp and 15 nfp per GPV of increase. Any named island can be colonized to 1 gpv.

Mercs: Countries can hire out their troops as mercenaries as long as they provide a leader to go along with them.

Holy Roman Empire: National regions inside the Holy Roman Empire need not be contiguous in order to maintain control over them, though distance requirements are still in effect.

Mercantile Combines: A Mercantile Combine can trade with interior countries provided they have at least a BO in a city of the interior country and can reach a port city with at least a BO in it. The BO in the interior country can be no further than 1/2 their tech level in action points away from that port. In addition, that combine can conduct trade for the interior country by allocating msp to that route, indicating a level of transportation assets committed to servicing that route. This conduit will count as one conduit for overseas trade.

A clarification to the rule book: a combine can only handle one side of the trade between two nations. It is the responsibility of the combine to redistribute income from the routes his handles for his clients. Trade income received in turn 2 will be redistributed by the combine in turn 3.

Religious Orders: New status codes will be applied to religious orders. They are similar ot Primate control statuses except they will allow for a slight increase in the amount of NFP generated. Also, the Religious Primate and a Religious Order (of the same religion) can maintain a status level in the same region or city. However, the Religious Order status cannot go higher that monastery (rmn) if the Primate has a monastery (mn) of its own. No two Religious Orders can maintain higher than abbey (rab) in the same region or city.

Religious Order Authority Control Statuses

Contacting the Game Master

You can contact me at the following address:

Dave Salter
7338 Rolling Oak Ln.
Springfield, VA 22153
Or call:

(703) 912-6076 [EST] (best time is 7-9 pm weekdays and after 6 pm on weekends.)

The best way to contact me is by email. I will answer mail as soon as I receive it.
My address is: salterdj@aol.com.

GENERAL THRONE ENTERPRISES INFORMATION AND PRICES

WORLD WIDE WEB HOME PAGE!

Throne Enterprises Home Page can be found at:
http://www.throneworld.com/lords/index.html

Click here to find out about other Lords of the Earth campaigns.

VARIOUS FEES AND LEVIES

Normal Turns: $5.00

MAPS

Will be available via the main web page only. Make sure you gain one of these maps for your area.

MAP CHANGES

I have made a few alterations to the maps. These changes reflect the changes, from my perspective, from the standard 1000AD start to 1400AD. Each turn's map will be updated and posted within a day of the Newsfax posting.

ORDERING THE RULEBOOK Lords of the Earth Campaign 31 uses the Middle Ages version 5.6 rulebook and the Renaissance Supplement. You must order these rulebooks from Thomas Harlan.

Other Costs

Make out checks for these items to THOMAS HARLAN

Thomas Harlan
4858 East 2nd Street
Tucson, AZ 85711-1207

TROOP CONVERSIONS

Infantry (200 men = 1 point)
Cavalry (200 men and 200 horse = 1 point)
Siege Engineers (200 men = 1 point)
Warships (2 ships = 1 point)
Transports (2 ships = 1 point)

EUROPE

Northern Europe

THE KINGDOM OF SCOTLAND
Robert III
DIPLOMACY: Munster (f), Lothian (f)
Robert signed a contract with the Hansa to construct transports for them. Next he sent James to Lothian and William to Munster; both achieved success in their endeavors. Robert also gained significant concessions from the local aristocracy.
Civilized tech 7.

THE KINGDOM OF ENGLAND
Henry IV
DIPLOMACY: Conwall (fa), Man (ea), Calais (nt) - due to French action
Again, the deep pockets of Burgundy aid in reshaping Europe. The English cede Gascony to the French for French concessions to Burgundy and gold. Both King and Crown Prince sired sons in 1407. The King received to bits of bad news from Calais; the Captain of Calais had died and (without his hand on the helm) the city elders have started discussions with French representatives. The King ordered a new artillery piece constructed and sent his son out to test it. The following statement was received from royal couriers:

Press Release: "Prince Hal attended a demonstration of the new and improved siege artillery at the River Thames. The Prince and the surviving boatmen were very impressed."

Henry also started a European trend of sign treaties with anyone who would join. (see below)

The Treaty of Edinburgh

A Treaty among the following States:

The Kingdom of England
The Kingdom of Scotland

Henry IV Plantagenet, King of England, hereby swears that the Kingdom of Scotland has exclusive rights to the Region of Munster, on the Island known as Ireland or Eire. In addition, Henry IV Plantagenet hearby swears that the Kingdom of Scotland has and shall maintain exclusive right to the following Regions: Lothian, Strathclyde, Highlands, and Hebrides.

Robert III, King of Scotland, hereby swears that the Kingdom of England has exclusive rights to the Region of Connaught, on the island known as Ireland or Eire. In addition, Robert III hearby swears that the Kingdom of England has and shall maintain exclusive right to the following Regions: Sussex, Anglia, North Umbria, Wessex, Mercia, Lancashire, Cornwall, Dyffed, Gwynedd, Man, Lienster, and Ulster.

Henry IV Plantagenet acknowledges that the Kingdom of Scotland may wish to purchase England's right to the Region of Connaught, at terms to be agreed in the future. If the Kingdom of England has not raised the Region of Connaught to a level at least "Non-Paying Tributary" by the end of the 24th Year of this, the Fifteenth Century, then England's exclusive right shall
lapse. Henry IV Plantagenet further acknowledges that the Kingdom of Scotland may wish to purchase rights to the Isle of Man, at terms to be agreed in the future.

Both Sovereigns swear that these rights shall obtain even if control is temporarily interrupted by insurrection, revolt, or foreign invasion. In the event of such interruption, each Sovereign shall assist the other in regaining control of the territory, if requested. This constitutes a mutual guarantee of the integrity of the Kingdoms of England and Scotland in the face of enemies foreign or internal.

Lands, settlements, and properties freely given or sold to third parties no longer fall under this treaty, unless so stipulated in future agreements.

Lands, settlements, and properties acquired in the future shall fall under the terms of this treaty, unless the acquisition of such involves the violation of known treaties and security arrangements.

Both Sovereigns swear before God that this Treaty shall be binding on their Heirs and Successors.

For the Kingdom of England, Henry IV Plantagenet, King of England

For the Kingdom of Scotland, Robert III, King of Scotland

The Treaty of Calais

A Treaty among the following States:

The Kingdom of England
The Kingdom of France
The Kingdom of Scotland
The Duchy of Burgundy

The King or Duke of each Signatory Nation does solemnly swear before God and before the Sovereigns of Europe that the forces under his Authority and under those whose Fealty he commands shall take no hostile action against the armed forces, leaders, territories, or institutions of any other Signatory Nation. "Hostile Actions" shall be defined as--but not strictly limited to--armed invasion, blockade, diplomacy of regions known (by the map) to be controlled by the other, piracy, subversion, infiltration, and the destruction of assets by means overt or covert.

This Treaty expressly permits the employ of agents whose purpose is to reveal the compliance or non-compliance with the terms of this Treaty, and expressly permits the employ of agents to attempt to thwart such activity. The intention is to permit the possible verification of the Treaty while retaining the ability to block the agents of other Powers.

The Term of this Treaty is initially eight Years, commencing the First of January of the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Four Hundred and ending on the Thirty-First of December of the Year One Thousand Four Hundred and Seven (1 January 1400 to 31 December 1407). This term may be extended by the agreement of all Signatories, and the Signatories agree to meet for the possible extension of this term four years hence, allowing at least four years notice of the potential termination of this Treaty.

The Kingdom of England states that this Treaty shall be instantly void should the forces of the Kingdom of France take hostile action--as defined above--against the Duchy of Burgundy.

The Kingdom of France states that this Treaty shall be instantly void should the forces of the Kingdom of England take hostile action--as defined above--against the Kingdom of Scotland.

We call upon all of Christendom and His Holiness, Pope Clement VI to witness our Act and Deed:

For the Kingdom of France, His Majesty, Charles the Sixth

For the Kingdom of England, His Majesty, Henry the Fourth

For the Kingdom of Scotland, His Majesty, Robert the Third

For the Duchy of Burgundy, Jan zonder Vrees, Hertog van Bourgondië, Graaf van Vlaanderen
(John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, Count of Flanders).
Civilized tech 7.

THE KINGDOM OF DENMARK
Margaret
DIPLOMACY: Kymia (ea), Vaasa (ea), Turku (ea), Hordaland (ea), Fjordane (ea), Trondheim (ea), Oslo (a), Stockholm (ea)
Queen Margaret rules her kingdom with a gentle hand, encouraging others to form a tighter bond with her. Her agents brought many economic ties back to Aalborg.
Civilized tech 7.

Western Europe

Mercenaries

THE KINGDOM OF FRANCE
Charles VI
DIPLOMACY: Ponthieu (ne), Lyonnais (f), Limousin (ea), Calais (nt to England)
Charles received Gascony from England, but he had to cede Vermandois to Burgundy as Burgundy continues to broker deals between the two former enemies. Luc Chevaliar moves into Calais and takes advantage of the recent death of the Captain of Calais - Calais severs economic ties with England.
Civilized tech 7.

THE DUCHY OF BURGUNDY
John the Fearless, Great Duke of the West
DIPLOMACY: Brabant (f), Hainaut (c), Aachen is now Luxembourg, Nivernais (nt)
The Duke continued to pull the strings of Western Europe, signified by the Treaties of Calais and Orleans; he gave gold to England and France in exchange for Vermandois for Burgundy and Gascony for France. Philip died in 1406 and was seceded by John without event. In a major ceremony, Jan Van Brabant married into the Duke's family and became a Prince of the Realm.

Treaty of Orleans

A Treaty among the following States:

The Kingdom of England
The Kingdom of France
The Duchy of Burgundy

In order to resolve the contested Succession to the Throne of the Kingdom of France, And to resolve the contested control of several regions of the Kingdom of France, the Kingdom of England, and the Duchy of Burgundy, And to bring peace to and end the interminable wars that have plagued these several Nations, And to restore the commerce among and for the common good of these several Nations,

A) The Kingdom of England shall:
1) Relinquish its just claim to the Throne of France
2) Relinquish its just claim to the Duchy of Aquitaine, and to the Titles of any other region of France
3) Cede the region of Poitou to France
4) Cede the region of Gascony to France
5) Open trade with the Kingdom of France
6) Open trade with the Duchy of Burgundy
7) Agree that in 20 years, the Kingdom of
England will negotiate the transfer of the Port of Calais to the control of the Kingdom of France, for suitable compensation to be agreed at that time

B) The Duchy of Burgundy shall:
1) Relinquish its just claim to the Throne of France
2) Cede the region of Orleans to France
3) Deliver an agreed amount of gold to the Kingdom of England
4) Deliver an agreed amount of gold to the Kingdom of France, to help rebuild the heavy losses sustained in the wars
5) Open trade with the Kingdom of England
6) Open trade with the Kingdom of France
7) Agree to sell two batteries of cannon to the Kingdom of England
8) Agree to sell two batteries of cannon to the Kingdom of France

C) The Kingdom of France shall:
1) Release the King of England from any claim of Vassalage
2) Release the Duke of Burgundy from any claim of Vassalage
3) Cede the region of Nivernais to the Duchy of Burgundy
4) Cede the region of Vermandois to the Duchy of Burgundy
5) Acknowledge the right of the Duchy of Burgundy to expand into the regions of Champagne and Hainaut
6) Open trade with the Kingdom of England
7) Open trade with the Duchy of Burgundy

Procedure:

In 1401, England cedes Poitou, Burgundy cedes Orleans, France cedes Nivernais, Burgundy delivers gold to England and gold to France, and mutual trade is opened among the three Nations.

In 1405, England cedes Gascony, France cedes Vermandois, Burgundy delivers gold to England and gold to France.

The purchase of cannon is optional, and shall occur at the convenience of the buyer, but if the purchase is not made within twenty years, the offer may be rescinded at the discretion of Burgundy.

Signatories:

For the Kingdom of England, Henry IV Plantagenet, King of England

For France, Charles VI de Valois, King of France

For the Duchy of Burgundy, Jan zonder Vrees, Hertog van Bourgondië, Graaf van Vlaanderen (John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, Count of Flanders)

Burgundy opened trade with the Swiss and made major trade concession to the League, authorizing the League to conduct all his overseas trading.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE AVIGNON PAPACY
Clementine
DIPLOMACY: Abbeys in Malta, Sicily, Sussex, Brabant, Luxembourg, Palermo (mn)
Clementine begins the task of rebuilding the power and prestige of the Church; he has abbeys built throughout western and southern Christendom. He invested, broadly in to the capabilities of the Church. He is not happy with the war in Iberia. Renaissance tech 8.

THE SWISS CONFEDERATION
Edward III
DIPLOMACY: Tyrol (t)
Sweeping down from their high mountain villages, the heavily armored eidgenossen ("oathbrothers") of the allied Swiss cantons trudge through Alpine passes, this time into Lombardy. Part of a grand plan, designed by Albrecht of Austria, the Swiss were to free the Lombards from the tyranny of the noble masters and then move on Venice and crush the Venetians against their own walls. Edward held up his men in Lombardy, waiting for word that the Austrians had entered Verona. That word never came.

After hearing the news of Austria's near total defeat at the hands of the Holy Roman Emperor, Edward moved the bulk of his forces back into Switzerland. He sent Werner to Tyrol to strengthen their ties to the Confederation.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE DUCHY OF AUSTRIA
Albrecht IV, Arch Duke of Austria
DIPLOMACY: None
Albrecht hoped to expand the fortunes of the Hasburgs by descending down of Venice; this would open the Mediterranean to his merchants and bring Northern Italy in to his sphere. For this cause, he gained the cooperation of the Swiss and of Florence. He also increased the size of his own forces and hired local mercenaries, bringing his total to near 10,000 troops under arms. With these forces arrayed against them, the Venetians would soon be brought to heel.

Just as he was completing his initial deployments, word came of about 9,000 Imperial (Hungarian) troops, mainly infantry and artillery, approaching from the east and those peasant upstarts, the Hussites, about 3,000 from the north - a similar infantry and artillery mix. Albrecht knew the reputation of these Hussites at siege operations so he was determined to meet them in the field. The Austrians had the only cavalry in the area as well as the the home field advantage; The Hussites/Hungarians had better troops, particularly the elite Hussites, as well as slightly better leadership in Jan Zizka. (see Hussites)
Renaissance tech 8.

DUCHY OF SAXONY
Rupert III
DIPLOMACY: Westphalia (pt), Friesland (t), Lorraine (t), Holstien (t)
Rupert made a deal with the Knights to gain Holstien. Trade was started with the Danes and the Hanseatic League was given free access throughout Saxony.
Renaissance tech 8.

HANSEATIC LEAGUE
Klaus Stortebecker
DIPLOMACY: Branch Offices in Edinburgh, London, Lisbon, Madiera; Holland (t)
The League continues to refine its trade routes and sign a contract with Brandenburg for major trade concessions. Klaus some how manages to convince the citizens of Holland he would bring them not only good trade goods but good government.
Renaissance tech 8.

DUCHY OF BRANDENBURG
Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg
DIPLOMACY: Pomern (f), Alsace (ne)
Frederick brought Pomern fully into Brandenburg's sphere, however he met the heir of Bohemia in Alsace, having just missed his father had his escort. Although the Bohemians offered marriage as part of their package, the aristocracy of Alsace were intrigued with what Frederick had to say. The Hansa was granted certain trade concessions and trade was initiated with the Hussites. Frederick watched events in the south with growing concern.
Renaissance tech 8.

DUCHY OF BOHEMIA
Wenceslas
DIPLOMACY: Franconia (ea)
Wenceslas escorted his son to Alsace to arrange a marriage with the local nobility; he waited around for a couple of months to see if Brandenburg was going to enter into the game. No sooner had the Duke left for home than Frederick himself showed up. As good as young Stavot was, he didn't have the experience or clout as the Duke of Brandenburg. Yet, the nobles of Alsace allowed him to leave the region, recognizing the Bohemian.
Renaissance tech 8.

HUSSITES - Order of the Cross and Cannon
Jan Hus
DIPLOMACY: Bavaria (rch), Austria (rch), Thuringia (rch), Saxony (rch)
Hus sent his men throughout Central Europe in an attempt to build the foundation of the Order. His Order's churches in Austria and Bavaria were destroyed by local Austrian forces. He also sealed a deal with the Emperor that would hopefully bring the Hapsburgs under control. In the Spring of 1405, Zizka crossed the Bohemian frontier with 3,000 elite troops. He was to meet up with the Hungarians and then move on Vienna. Before the reached sight of the Austrian capitol, they met the arrayed forces of Albrecht and his 10,000 Austrians and mercenaries.

(From Austria) From the opening maneuvers, it was clear that the Austrian cavalry would not be able to offset the cannon of the combined Imperial Army. Charge after charge the Austrians tried to get at those guns, but the Imperial infantry held firm. Albrecht tried to flank the Imperials while fixing them with an infantry assault in the center, but Zizka was having none of it. The Austrians were soon fleeing back to Vienna, with the Imperial Army close in their wake. (See Hungary)
Renaissance tech 8.

THE KINGDOM OF HUNGARY
Sigismund, King of Hungary, Holy Roman Emperor
DIPLOMACY: None
The Emperor was well aware that the title of Emperor had traditionally been in name only. It was now time to make that name, reality. Sigismund ordered Rivmyr, who had been given the task of an active defense of the Hungarian peoples, to muster the army. Being a volatile area did not help matters and so the army marched forth without the Heavier units to slow the army down. The Hapsburgs had over stepped their bounds and bore the brunt of Sigismund's plan for the recapture of Imperial glory.

Rivmyr had a knack for knowing the men and their Morale. It was with pride that he went forth in the name of the Hungarian people to do battle. Better to determine ones destiny than let those around you determine it for you. He soon met up with the Hussites and they moved toward Vienna (See Hussites) (From Hussites)

Although the Austrian army had largely been destroyed, the Imperials had taken serious casualties themselves; after an abortive assault on the Austrian capitol, Jan Zizka broke off the attack and withdrew to Bohemia. What was left of the Hungarians also withdrew back to east. The Austrian and Hungarian armies had been decimated and the walls around Vienna damaged. The Hussites were the only ones in fighting order, but they too, had taken severe casualties
Civilized tech 7.

Iberian Penisula

Mercenaries

THE KINGDOM OF CASTILE
Enrique III
DIPLOMACY: Andalusia (nt), Murcia (nt)
Enrique moved the center of his kingdom to Andalusia and Seville; he did not realize that unexpected guest were about to arrive. (See Aragon / Granada) As he was settling in to his new palace, riders came up claiming there were tens of thousands of Granadans coming through the passes into Andalusia. How could this be? There weren't that many left on the entire Peninsula. He gathered his army, including the local garrisons, and went out to meet this new threat. To his surprise, he was faced with an army of women and children; it looked like whole families had uprooted themselves and had decided to move to Andalusia. At their head was the Heir of Granada, Aziz Hassan. He looked fairly surprised also.

Clearly, his father had not anticipated a large Castilian presence in Andalusia - how could he have known that Enrigue had decided to move his capital down to Seville. This was not going to workout according to plan. This was not the only part of the plan that was not going right.

His father's looting expedition was going well, except the timetable had been thrown off by stiffer than expected resistance; the passive Christians seemed to take exception of his looting their lands. Hassan plowed through Murcia and New Castile before turning west. He ended 1408 in Televare, still heading west. That left his son to deal with the bulk of the Castilian army, sitting in the middle of prime real-estate. The defensive strength of the Moslems did not translate into offensive power to throw the Castilians out of the region. As winter approached in 1405; it was all to clear that without farms to grow next years crops, the people would not survive another year, waiting on Hassan. Aziz tried to hold them together, but family by family and then community by community, they started heading back home.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE KINGDOM OF ARAGON
Pedro IV
DIPLOMACY: Rome (nt)
Pedro pays Portugal for rights in Evoro and orders a city (Paphos) constructed in Cyprus. He also ordered massive trade restructuring and reorganization. He sends Phillipe to west Africa to conduct raids along the coast. Gold is discovered in the homeland. Back home, Pedro sees the birth of two more children ( a son in 1406 and a daughter in 1407). However, all this news paled when word came of a Granadian army moving up the coast, looting the countryside. It passed through Valencia and Catalonia before turning back south and entering Castile. (See Castile)
Renaissance tech 8.

THE KINGDOM OF NAVARRE
Raymond
DIPLOMACY: Asturias (f)
Raymond launched an all out effort to gain the friendship of the Basque of Asturias; they were very impressed with his efforts and the amount of resources he was willing to spend on them. Raymond was blessed with a son in 1407.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE KINGDOM OF PORTUGAL
John I
DIPLOMACY: Canary Islands (nt)
John ordered the expansion and beautification of Lisbon, just what to do with those city wall? He sent Alfonso down the African coast to the Canary Islands, looking for an outpost for the future empire of Portugal. Edward went home after much partying in Navarre; he sired a son in 1406.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE EMIRATE OF GRANADA
Abu'l Hassan
DIPLOMACY: None
Hassan was tired of cowering behind his walls, afraid of the final assault by the Infidels. He gathered his advisors and called for a Jihad against the Christian states of Iberia. There was little response from the Islamic world, apparently Islam had written off Granada for sometime and had neither the desire or energy to waste in Iberia. (Islam could use a Primate here or at least three Islamic states declaring a holy war at the same time, with the same target.) Well, no matter, the show must go on! He ordered all troops and fortifications converted into cavalry - which was paid for by sacking his own public works. All citizens were rallied and ordered to pickup there belongings and head west into Andalusia. (See Aragon, then Castile)

With the unexpected resistance put up by the Christians, Hassan's dream was left unfulfilled. he was without a new stronger homeland, his own people's morale had been crushed and here he was, a hundred miles deep into enemy territory with gold in his pockets and 9,000 cavalry at his command. It had been a great ride; but was it over?
Renaissance tech 8.

Southern Europe

Mercenaries

THE DUCHY OF MILAN
Doria
DIPLOMACY: Provence (f)
Doria brought Provence fully into the Duchy's sphere of influence while at the same time he watched as the Swiss army moved into Lombardy and on into Verona.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE REPUBLIC OF VENICE
Guilando, Doge of Venice
DIPLOMACY: Morea (f), Crete (f)
The Doge was surprised by the Florentine agression (see Florence), but all became clear as he learned of the movement of the Swiss into Lombardy. What surprised him the most was the withdrawal of the bulk of their army back to Switzerland.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE KINGDOM OF NAPLES
Isralo, Prince of Salerno
DIPLOMACY: Latium (ea), Spoleto (f)
Isralo strengthened his army and then moved into Latium to entreat with the local lords. While at the Latium Court, his good friend, the Count of Spoleto died from a hunting accident. He was also greatly saddened by the news of the death of his daughter, at age eight. To offset these two tragedies, was the news of the birth of a grandson in 1407.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE REPUBLIC OF FLORENCE
Lorenzo de' Medici
DIPLOMACY: Sardinia (ea), Romagna (t)
Lorenzo', Cosimo, takes a bride from the nobility of Romagna and they agree to contribute to the Republic's cause. Cosimo also brings Sardinia into a closer relationship with Florence.

However, his father had bigger schemes in mind; he sent Giovenco, with the fleet of some 38 ships, into the Adriatic to conduct siege operations against his old rival, Venice. This operation was to seal off the city while the Swiss and Austrian armies conducted a passive siege. What was not considered was the larger (50 ships) and better ships of Venice could not be brushed a side on a whim. As Giovenco approached the city, the Venetians sorte out of the port. He saw he was out numbered and he turned to flee. The greater speed of the Venetians (nav rating of 3) allowed them to over take him. He lost 18 ships in the melee that followed. The Venetians had lost ten of their own and seeing the port was safe, broke off their pursuit.
Renaissance tech 8.

GENOESE TRADE COMBINE
Grimaldi
DIPLOMACY: Lombardy (mf), Romagna (mf), Malta (mf), Seville (bo), Phocea (a)
Grimaldi spreads his influence across the Mediterrean basin. He was very concerned with Ottoman pressure on Phocea, so he ordered the city's defenses improved and reinforced. The city elders were also concerned enough they signed an alliance with Genoa.
Renaissance tech 8.

Eastern Europe

THE KINGDOM OF POLAND AND LITHUANIA
Jagiello, Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland
DIPLOMACY: Orshac(f), Kiev (f)
Jagiello brings both his wife and daughter-in-law more fully into the government, while he orders his army reorganized and retrained in order to give it more shock power. After intense negotiations, he signs the following treaty with Hungary and Bohemia.

This treaty is between Wladyslaw II Jagiello, King of Poland, Supreme Duke of Lithuania, Sigismund, most Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary, and Wenceslas, Duke of Bohemia, and is binding upon them and all of their subject lords and peoples now and in the future.

Article 2

No member party to this treaty will at any time wage war, either overtly or covertly against the person, subjects, or property of any party to this treaty, nor will they knowingly take any action intended to harm any party to this treaty.

Article 3

In the event that any state or person should first make war upon any party to this treaty, either overtly or covertly, the other parties to this treaty shall offer neither aid nor comfort to the offender, and shall offer every assistance possible to assure the safety and survival of the member party, should they be called upon to do so by the aggrieved party.

Article 4

No additional parties may be added to Article 1, nor may any other article be altered, except by the mutual consent of all signatories to this treaty.
Civilized tech 7.

THE TEUTONIC KNIGHTS
Conrad von Jungingen, Grand Master
DIPLOMACY: Denmark (rab), Lithuania (rab), Saxony (rch)
Conrad von Jungingen continues to cozy up to the Hanseatic League by providing 10 spanking new trading vessels for their use. Naturally, he expects a cut of the future rewards. Otherwise, he rules the Knights, and has his army ready to react to any invasion of Teutonic lands. The heir, Jurgen Lehmann, travels to Kiev, where he embarks on a preaching mission, attempting to convert the Orthodox to follow the ways of Rome. Ulrich von Bek meanwhile, transfers the tribute of Holstein to Saxony, and attempts to establish a church in Saxony. He then travels north to Denmark, where he attempts to found an abbey. Teutonic religious people are sent to Lithuania to found an abbey, and to Denmark to establish some influence. The intelligence and assassination teams are intent on ensuring safety of the Order. Conrad comes to an agreement with the King of Poland and Lithuania whereby certain lands will revert to the King's temporal authority in the future, freeing the Knights from the details of administering lands.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE REPUBLIC OF NOVGOROD
Alexander
STARTS WITH: Svira (f), Vologda (a)
Alexander invests heavily in his government structure and organization. He also improves the cleanliness of the streets of Novgorod. His son courted the daughter of the leader of Svira; With the marriage set, Sviria becomes a full member of the Republic. Vologda also strengthens its ties to the Republic. The yoke of Mongol overlordship continues to weigh on heavy on Alexander's shoulders.
Civilized tech 7.

THE PRINCIPALITY OF MOSCOW
Basil I
DIPLOMACY: Klin (f), Kostroma (f)
In a ceremony in the Royal Palace, Basil II comes of age and takes his place beside his father. Basil I sends Gregor to Kostroma and Dimitri to Klin; both return with great news -- both have agreed to join Moscow in a growing Russian state. Basil watches as the wagon train heads south, bearing one fourth the wealth of Moscow -- this Mongol yoke is a wonderful thing to wear.
Civilized tech 6.

THE KHANATE OF THE GOLDEN HORDE
Toktamish
STARTS WITH: Urkel (f)
Toktamish reorganized his military forces and ordered all commanders to keep a watchful eye. A 16 year peace treaty is signed with Poland in 1405. Emissaries are sent to Urkel with carts of gold to woe the clans to the Khan's yurt. The Khan grants trade concessions to Genoa and the Mamelukes.

The Khan looks over at all the religious representatives that graced his court, he would have to decide something soon. That young fool from Tibet had already started converting his people. Well, at least he could narrow the field somewhat. He ordered all representatives rousted out of bed at midnight, blindfolded, placed in wagons and hauled, with their belongs, to waiting ships. All, that is except the Sufis, that brash Tibetan, the Jewish representative, the Eastern Shamanist (that were so close to his heart) and the Zoroastrian Magi.
Nomadic - tech 5.

THE PRINCIPALITY OF SERBIA
Stephen Lazarevich
DIPLOMACY: None
Serbia expanded trade with its neighbors and tried to conduct land trade with Austria, but no route could be found. Life in Belgrade improved, somewhat.
Civilized tech 6.

THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE
Manuel II
DIPLOMACY: Thessaly (ea)
Manuel, again, bought grain from the Ottomans in exchange for the assignment of Byzantine scholars to the Ottoman ah..., er.... oh yes, university. Thessaly was convinced to rejoin the Empire.
Renaissance tech 8.

AEGEAN CCI
Paul Atatarxos
DIPLOMACY: Branch Offices in Smyrna, Heraclea, Varna, Kiev, Vilna, Belgrade, Buda, Vienna
Paul consolidated the families holding in various cities throughout the East.
Renaissance tech 8.

ASIA

The Middle East

Mercenaries

THE OTTOMAN SULTANATE
Bayazid I, Shield of Christ and Emperor of the Ottomans
DIPLOMACY: Bithnia (p), Lydia (p then f), Paphlagonia (p)
Bayazid mobilized his forces and the Sultanate's agents inside Rum; Emirate of Rome, indeed! Before he could cross the border he had to dodge the expect assassination attempt; but that delay allowed Rum to evacuate much of the wealth of the region as well as the key Islamic families of the Emirate. Being a gentle sort, he ordered the immediate conversion of the remaining populations to the God of Peace, via the sword - of course.
Civilized tech 7.

EMIRATE OF RUM
Hamir
STARTS (again)WITH: Media, Persia, Zagros.
Hamir calls for a Jihad against the deceitful Ottomans, but with no legitimate Primate and constant war between rival Moslem nations, there was little enthusiasm or energy left in Islam. With this lack of support, Hamir was not done yet. He builds transports and orders as much of the Islamic population to evacuate. He has already secured safe passage through the Timurid Emirate.

After landing in Aleppo, he continues east until he reaches the lands of Media and Persia. He then settles these areas and swears he will return to Anatolia to claim his vengeance on the Ottomans.
Civilized tech 7.

THE KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHNS
Juan Fernandez, Grand Master
DIPLOMACY: Cyprus (rab), Malta (rmn), Phocea (rch)
The Grand Master, in a grand-ceremony hosted by Louis de Saint, ceded Smyrna to the Ottomans and initiated trade with the Timurids. He ordered continued diligence in the protection of Christian shipping but that did not include attacking Moslem transports fleeing the Ottoman assault.

The Order of St. John visits many places in a strong effort to support the Roman Catholic Church in the Eastern Med. They extended their hand to the World Community as doctors, pleading for all to study together- "please send copies of your medical books and medical doctors to Rhodes so that we all may study together and bring medical advancements to the World."
Renaissance tech 8.

THE TIMURID EMIRATE
Shah Rukh
DIPLOMACY: After careful thought, NOT!
Tamerlane reorganized his army, ordered postal roads built throughout the Emirate and then moved north to slave raid Armenia. The Armenians got off a lot easier than their cousins in Lazica, who were enslaved in mass and moved back to Damascus. On the way back, Tamerlane issued the following statement,

"Pilgrims of all faiths are welcome in Jerusalem. No one shall be turned away. Pilgrims shall also be assured of peaceful travel and will enjoy the same legal protections local residents enjoy."

The next morning he was found dead in his yurt. The Christian slaves knew their plight had been avenged. Tamerlane's son was able to quell the stirrings of revolt by executing several of Tamerlane's generals.
Nomadic - tech 5.

THE BLACK SHEEP TURKOMANS
Kara Usuf
DIPLOMACY: None
The Black Sheep Turkomans feared judgment day had come when Tamerlane turned north, but it seems the Islamic Overlord was having Christians for dinner.
Nomad tech 5.

THE MAMELUKE SULTANATE
Bartuk Malik-al-Zahir
DIPLOMACY: None
To say that Bartuk cowered behind his walls may be an over statement, but the fact was, he took no action against Tamerlane. Even after it was clear that the Timurids were heading north and away from Egypt, he did nothing. He had mastered the Mongols before but this contest was not to his liking.
Civilized tech 7.

Central Asia

THE SAFAVID SULTANATE
Haidar
DIPLOMACY: Khwarzim, (ea), Bactria (ea)
Haidar consolidated his hold on the riches regions of Central Asia.
Civilized 6.

THE CHEIBANID KHANATE
Mamai
DIPLOMACY: Kama Bulgar (f)
The Cheibanids save for a rainy day and boast the best cavalry of the Steppe. The Khan again sends Henghis, to assist the diplomatic efforts in Kama Bulgar. This effort brings the Kama Bulgar fully into the Khans inner circle.
Nomad tech 5.

India

THE SULTANATE OF DELHI
Khizar Khan
DIPLOMACY: Tarain (t)
The Sultanate courts the Hindu nobles of Tarain and convinces them to pay tribute to him.
Civilized tech 6.

THE SULTANATE OF GUJERAT
Mahmud Shah
DIPLOMACY: Edrosia (t), Surashtra (t), Anhivarta (t)
The Shah continues to consolidate his hold on North West India. Trade expands with the East Africans.
Civilized tech 6.

THE SULTANATE OF JAUNPUR
Begarha
DIPLOMACY: Rajput (f)
The Sultan, again, invested heavy in improving the lives of the peasants in the region. Begarha brought Rajput fully into his Sultanate with the support of all agencies of his government. He also opened trade with Pegu and entertained some Islamic merchants from East Africa
Civilized tech 6.

THE SULTANATE OF BENGAL
Bulal Lodi
DIPLOMACY: Gaur (ne), Maghada (ea), Bihar (c)
Bulal sent his emissaries back to Maghada, where they gained the full economic integration of that region into the Sultanate. Other diplomatic missions were not quite as successful.
Civilized tech 6.

THE HINDU KINGDOM OF ORISSA
Sangramaraja
DIPLOMACY: Kakatiya (t), Chela (t)
Sangramaraja gains tribute from the inland provinces. He also order some minor improvements and investments throughout the realm.
Civilized tech 6.

THE SULTANATE OF MALWA
Ala-ud-din
DIPLOMACY: Dahala (ea)
Ala-ud-din tries to convince the Hindu rulers he is different from the other Islamic warlords; in Dahala he has some success.
Civilized tech 6.

THE SULTANATE OF BAHMANI
Firuz Shah
DIPLOMACY: Nasik (ea)
Firuz Shah concentrated on the affairs of his state. He looked with going concern at the increase in power of the southern Hindu states.
Civilized tech 6.

THE VIJAYANGAR EMPIRE
Devaraya
DIPLOMACY: Pandya (f), Kollam (t), Madurai (ea)
Devaraya invested broadly across the Empire, including the university and living conditions in rural Chola. He went to Pandya and Kollam and gained significant concessions from both. The Madurai concluded an economic agreement with the Emperor.
Civilized tech 6.

Indochina and Indonesia

THE BURMAN KINGDOM OF AVA
Minhkaung
DIPLOMACY: Arakan (nt)
Minhkaung sought an outlet to the sea and convinced the heathen Hindus of Arakan to recognize his authority.
Civilized tech 6.

THE MON KINGDOM OF PEGU
Razadarit
DIPLOMACY: Laos (t)
Razadarit sent emissaries to Laos in order to gain trade access with the Ming. Slight improvements were made in the countryside as well as significant research and study was dedicated towards the military arts.

THE DAI KINGDOM OF ANNAM
Le Loi
DIPLOMACY: Mison (ea)
Le Loi received the diplomatic mission of the Ming and agree to recognize the Ming Court.
Civilized tech 6.

THE KINGDOM OF CHAMPA
Viaya Sri Harivarman II
DIPLOMACY: Preikuk (f)
Viaya initiates trade with Khemer; he also prepares for future expansion.
Civilized tech 6.

THE KHEMER KINGDOM OF ANGKOR
P'ayao
DIPOLMACY: None
The Khemers seem paralyzed by their neighbors growing strength.
Civilized tech 6.

THE TAI KINGDOM OF AYUTHIA
Int'araja
DIPLOMACY: Surin (ea)
The Mons strengthen their army, eyeing the rich Khemer provinces.
Civilized tech 6.

THE MAJAPAHIT KINGDOM OF JAVA
Bahavijaya Siwa-Buddha, Nirguna, King of Java
DIPLOMACY: Singhasari (a), Bali
Bahavijaya order increased taxation, hoping the peasants were in a giving mood. The leaders of Singhasari became full allies, but this taxation thing may stress relations. Bali recognized Javan leadership.

The absence of Javan ships from ports throughout the region had caused some alarm amongst its neighbors. Suspicious, even fearful, rumors emanating from these lands painted a dark picture Bahavijaya's intentions. Yet though they troubled him, the Javan king remained unmoved. He was not insensitive to the concerns his trade policy may raise. At home too, his traders had been swift to voice their dismay at his actions. But still he would not be swayed. Emissaries were dispatched to nations both near and far. Each was instructed to deliver a declaration from Bahavijaya to calm any fears that may have arisen.

"Bahavijaya, King of Majapahit Java, bids you greeting.

Through our appointed representative, we seek your leave to lay before you a statement of our intent.

We are most troubled to learn our trade policies have caused unease amongst our esteemed neighbors. May we submit to you our pledge that it is neither our intent to insult, damage or otherwise obstruct the interest of you and your people. Be assured we seek nothing less than strong and healthy relations with our neighbors.

We believe our trade policy will do much to achieve this. Such trade will be of greatest mutual benefit if well founded. At this time we believe it inappropriate to divert the precious resources demanded by trade from more deserving undertakings. Consideration of the meager returns such trade would offer only strengthens our belief.

We do accept and respect our priorities may not be shared by others. Nevertheless, we have every confidence that the growing prosperity of Java will, in time, make our realm a most bountiful and prized trading partner.

We hereby submit our policy to your wisdom, trusting that you share our vision of prosperity and peace for all.

Through this medium Bahavijaya hoped to allay any latent fears about his intentions. Naturally, trade would come to contribute significant sums to the royal treasury - but not yet. For now, he would be fully occupied with domestic concerns - the improvement of the land, the strengthening of authority over his modest realm, the maintenance of his forces.
Civilized tech 6.

THE KINGDOM OF MALACCA
Paramesvara
DIPLOMACY: None
Paramesvara signed a deal with the Ming, allowing the Ming shipping portage in Singapore. Of course, the 80 warships just up the coast aided negotiations immensely.
Civilized tech 6.

East Asia

Mercenaries

THE EMPIRE OF THE GREAT KHAN
Dayan Khan
DIPLOMACY: Hah! ... ah, er... Manchou (nt)
The Mongols, surprisingly, started a cultivation project in Tatar; diplomats of the western Khanates barely hid their amusement. Henghis, again, conducted several raids, this time to the east. The Manchou saw something they liked in the Great Khan.
Civilized tech 6.

MING EMPIRE OF CHINA
Yung-lo
DIPLOMACY: Hanon (f), Annam (nt)
Yung Lo sets several diplomatic efforts into motion to secure a peaceful, economically strong Asian Community. In the interest of expanding trade, Yung lo concludes negotiations with Malacca to secure Singapore as a Chinese Port City. Many other Asian nations are entering discussions with the strengthening Ming Emperor to secure trade and peace for all Asian nations. Discussions continue with an ever widening group of Asian nations on ways to assure all sovereign Asian nations will have a secure future with the prosperity assured by mutual trade and trust. Yung Lo continues the investments to support the peasants and the economy of the Ming people. He also combines the regional troops with his own private guard and trains them to create the royal guard. He sets his Allies into position to defend the Empire and sets several diplomatic missions into motion. 
Civilized tech 6.

ASHIKAGA JAPAN
Yamana
DIPLOMACY: None
After the hard fought campaigns of the last few years, Yamana was eager to resolve the war, but Katsumoto had the initiative, having successfully broke the Ashikaga siege of Iwakuni. Yamana left his trusted general, Tetsuo, in Shimane with additional fortifications to help garrison the region and defend against sorties by Katsumoto. He headed back to Kwanto to levy additional troops. (See Hosokawa Japan)
Civilized tech 6.

HOSOKAWA JAPAN NNN
Katsumoto
DIPLOMACY: None
Boldness was Katsumoto's style and these times clearly called for boldness. He would rally his people and move to the enemies homeland and settle it. The plan got off to a great start as clans gathered their belongings and moved to Iwakuni. Once Katsumoto had his clans across the Island Sea, he mobilized the city inhabitants and they all moved out into Shimane, escorted by 3,000 light infantry.

As he moved into the interior, his scouts report the withdrawal of all mobile Ashikaga forces. He decided to bypass the fixed garrisons of the province and gathered more clans to his banner. As he crossed into Yamato, the Ashikagans continued their retreat; they didn't even pause in the passes that separate Yamato from Aichi. Finally, in the fields of Aichi, just west of the Kwanto Plains, Yanama had consolidated his forces, now numbering some 4,000 troops with over 1,000 light cavalry.

As Yanama viewed the strange deployment of regular infantry behind the baggage trains of the numerous Hosokawan clans, he realized that this would be a tough nut to crack. On the other side of the field, Katsumoto also realized something; while his deployment was very strong defensively, it had little offensive power. Unless he could incite the Ashikagans to attack him, his gambit would fail. Yanama would have nothing of that and was satisfied with screening the Hosokawan encampment.

After months of taunting the easterners, Katsumoto knew his plan had failed. Calling the clan leaders to his quarters, he told them what they already knew. He gave them leave to negotiate with the Ashikagans but but they all knew they couldn't do that. He dismissed them and after some length of time in meditation, he then took his own life. The clan elders gave him a heroes burial ceremony and then asked Yanama for terms. Yanama, for his part, was aware of the cost in lives if the war were to continue;, he therefore offered the elder a deal. If they would take their clans back home and recognize Ashikaga rule. The elders agreed to the terms that spared their families and with that agreement, Hosokawa's line had ended.
Civilized tech 6.

THE GORYEO KINGDOM
Mog-Jong
DIPLOMACY: None
Mog-Jong continues to improve to the lot of his countrymen, while watching to movements of the Ming.
Civilized tech 6.

TIBET
Tsong-Kha-Pa
DIPLOMACY: Om'chu (ab), Tz'uk'an (ab)
The Holy Father Tsong once more dons the robes of a traveling monk and, accompanied by a hardy band of fellow monks, skilled in various and diverse martial arts, undertakes a very long journey to the far west, where he has heard that a noble king seeks enlightenment. Indeed, Tsong journeys to the very yurts of the Golden Horde, where he bends all his will and piety to converting the Khan Toktamish to the way of the Bodhisattva himself. Along the way, the monks will practice playing polo on foot (that is, soccer). Progress is made in converting the peasants of Gtsang to the true faith and abbeys were constructed in Om'chu and Tz'uk'an.
Civilized tech 6.

OCEANIC

Polynesia and Australia

AFRICA

Northern Africa

THE MARINID SULTANATE
Hammad bin Marin
DIPLOMACY: Cheliff (f), Al'Huats
Hammad ordered trade with any who would join him. A port city in the med would really help. He also contributed to feeding the poor of Fez and extended relations to the desert tribesmen of Al'Hauts. Intel reports were very disturbing.
Civilized tech 6.

THE HAFSID CALIPHATE
Nasir ad Dawla Badis
DIPLOMACY: Tripolitania (ne)
Nasir initiates trade with Castile, Marinids and Portugal. He tries to convince the desert tribes to strengthen their ties with him but they reject all offers.
Civilized tech 6.

Western Africa

THE MALI EMPIRE
Nasir ad Dawla Badis
DIPLOMACY: Timbuctu (f)
Nasir ordered slave raids into the desert regions to the northwest to continue, but the results were less productive. Perhaps including those infantry regiments in the raiding parties weren't such a good idea; by the way, whose idea was it anyway? Nasir did achieve a diplomatic coup in Timbuctu, which was truly amazing considering the Emperor's reputation for aggravating his friends and enemies, alike. He opened trade with Songhay and the Takrur.
Civilized tech 6.

THE KINGDOM OF SONGHAY
Dia Kenken, King of Songhay
DIPLOMACY: None
Dia Kenken accepts the Mali peace offering with reluctance.
Civilized tech 6.

THE KINGDOM OF KANEM
Boyoma, Mai of the Kanem
DIPLOMACY: Soro (t)
Boyoma sent emissaries to Soro to ask for tribute; they came back with that and a wife for the young heir.
Civilized tech 6.

THE WOLOF KINGDOM OF TAKRUR
N'dyaye Sar, Burba of Dyolof
DIPLOMACY: Senegal (ea, Gambia (nt), Galam (nt)
The Burba continues to increase his influence over the local tribes. Trade is granted to the Mali Empire.
Civilized tech 5.

HAUSALAND
Shawata, Magajiya of Daura
DIPLOMACY: Oyo (t), Nupe (f)
Shawata, again, had his son, Shawasata, stand guard with the main army of the land. Meanwhile, the Daura gained the friendship of the tribal elders of Nupe and his trusted advisor, Ecktechuko, convinced the Oyo to pay tribute.
Civilized tech 6.

Eastern Africa

THE EAST AFRICAN TRADE CARTEL
Trader Al-Joe
DIPLOMACY: Amhara (mf), Zabid (f), Basra (bo), Berbera (nt), Banavasi (bo)
Big Al opened trade with all of coastal India. He also continued to build up his own coastal empire.
Civilized tech 7.

THE KINGDOM OF ABYSSINIA
Sibhat Zagwe
DIPLOMACY: Alwa (t), Buganda (fa - then n)
Sibhat built a port city in Danakil in order to trade with the Arabs. He also convinced the Coptics of Alwa to join his kingdom. The distance between Buganda and Shoa prevented the negotiated treaty from holding.
Civilized tech 7.

Southern Africa

THE BAKONGO KINGDOM
Oduduma, King of Bakongo
DIPLOMACY: Matadi (a), Mbundu (f)
Oduduma increased his grip on the tribes to the south. He also ordered general investments and an increase in the local learning centers.
Barbarian tech 3.
No cavalry.

THE KINGDOM OF THE MWANA-MUTAPHA
Dunbo Changamire, King of Rozwi
DILPOMACY: Kafue (a), Gorongo (ea)
Dunbo strengthened his influence on the eastern coast. He wonders why the Arabs seem reluctant to offer a more enticing trade treaty?
Barbarian tech 3. No cavalry.

THE NEW WORLD

North America

THE MISSISSIPPI EMPIRE
Powtuneep, Son of the Sun
DIPLOMACY: Erie (f)
The Sun King offered full member ship for the Eire and they eagerly accepted.
Pre-Columbian. No cavalry.

THE MIWOK CONFEDERATION
Running Bear
DIPLOMACY: Patwin (f), Serrano (ea)
Running Bear's son, Growling Bear, came of age and was sent south to the Chiefs of the Serrano Clans. There, he successfully gained their allegiance and the hand of the eldest chief's daughter. Whispering Wind brought the Patwin Council fully into the Confederation. Running Bear asks the wise men of the Confederation if there was some way to reorganize the tribes into a more efficient governing structure. He spent his years guiding the growing Confederation and siring children. He sired a son just as he received news of the diplomatic successes.
Barbarian. No cavalry.

THE CREEK DEATH CULT
Shukahosus
DIPLOMACY: Chatot (f)
Shukahosus sent tribal groups to Chatot to colonize the region.
Pre-Columbian. No cavalry.

THE PLAQUEMINE NATCHEZ
Mukalus
DIPLOMACY: Chitimacha (f)
Mukalus traveled down the Great Snake and met some old friends on the shore of the Delta Sea; now they're better friends.
Pre-Columbian. No cavalry.

Meso America

THE TEPANEC HEGEMONY
Xiu Cinteotl
DIPLOMACY: Yucatec (ea)
Xiu Cinteotl broad minor investments in his societal structures and institutions; he also strengthened his economic ties with Yucatec.
Civilized tech 4. No cavalry.

THE ARAWAK OF THE ISLANDS
Ahabatey
DIPLOMACY: Colon (f)
Ahabatey fully absorbs all the tribes of the island.
Pre-Columbian. Can be Seafaring.

THE AZTECS
Matlaccoatzin
DIPLOMACY: Tontonac (f), Culhua (ea)
Matlaccoatzin orders an all out diplomatic effort to woe Totonac; Culhua was also brought more fully into he Empire.
Civilized tech 4. No cavalry.

THE MIXTEC ALLIANCE
Tezozomoc
DIPLOMACY: Popoluca (f),
Tezozomoc improved the lot of the rural peasantry in Zapotec. Then the whole court visited Popoluca to bring them fully into the Alliance.
Civilized tech 4. No cavalry.

South America

CHIMU
Taycanamo
DIPLOMACY: Chimu (f)
Taycanamo regained his peoples homeland but his gaze turns south to the growing strength of those Incan upstarts..
Civilized tech 4. No cavalry.

THE MIGHTY INCAN EMPIRE
Tatam Yach
DIPLOMACY: Wairajikira (nt), Chavin (f), Nazca (a)
Tatam gained many more subjects for him to rule. Anta-Aclla brought Chavin fully into the Empire, while Chalcuchima convinced the Wairajilirans to recognize Incan rule. Tatam, himself, gained an ally in Nazca by spreading Incan gold and food goods throughout the Nazcan countryside. Efforts to undermine Chimu prestige have been unsuccessful to date.
Civilized tech 5. No cavalry

ISI List for Turn 2

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