Lords of the Earth Campaign 31

Turn 10: Anno Domini 1437 - 1440

Industrial Stage One: The Dawn of the Modern Age

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TURN 11 is due Friday, 6 October 2000.

ANNOUNCEMENTS AND GM COMMENTS

Welcome to Lords of the Earth, Campaign 31! This is a game of empire building set in an historical setting. You will have the chance to control the rise and fall of empires through political, economic, military, espionage, and religious activities. Since this is an open-ended game, covering a span of centuries, you will have the opportunity to do pretty much anything you can imagine.

If you want to submit material for the Newsfax, either as the "Mouthings of the Emperor" or as background material to help me write things up, by all means do so. However, I reserve the right to make necessary changes.

That brings us to the status and execution of NPN's and positions that fail to turn in orders. I will use my "best" judgment in these circumstances; if the players near this position are actively participating, then the NPN will be very passive, concentrating on PWB and investments. If the nearby players are not very active then the NPN will move out and try to DP the adjacent regions.

Some notes and observations from turn-8-10:

• Exploration is a major activity for nations during the period of this campaign. I have been far to easy with exploration results; therefore everyone who has moved beyond Western Europe map must demonstrate the time and resources to have explored what they now own before I will let them move any further. Those in Asia know the sea zones around their country up to one trade conduit away, either 3 or 4 sea zones). Movement or trade further away that the one conduit would have to be explored. Existing routes will still exist but you must expend the effort (and resources) to explore any routes that are beyond the one conduit limit.
• Furthermore, any exploration down one way arrows must have enough resources to make it back via a "legal" route. In other words, if you go down a one way arrow and stop your exploration due to attrition then you will not gain rutters for any part of the route because your explorers have not found a way back home. The expedition must complete the return trip for you to gain information from that expedition.
• Clarification: the current from the Azores to Western Europe is a two way arrow; there will be additional current(s) (one way) added from the New World to the Azores to reflect C. Columbus' trip.
• Some of the combat results may surprise you - I know it surprised me. The siege of Berlin was the biggest surprise, all the other battles went pretty much as expected once I saw the order of battle. In Berlin, the attackers had a 7:4 advantage in troops but all other factors canceled each other out, being that intel, AQR's, leadership, etc. What it came down to is that one side could, on any given round inflict over 100% of their own weight in casaulties for their opponent, while the other side inflicted as little as 1/18 of their own weight. This was for a siege that the modifiers netted out. With one side having a significant advantage, the range of possible out comes widens. In this case, Lady Luck shined on one side for one round and the party was over. I'll will explain in more detail to the participants if they have any questions - for the victors - you don't know how lucky you were.

Good Luck to all!

- Dave Salter

RULES ERRATA AND REMINDERS

There have been significant rule modifications over the last two months to the basic rules, the renaissance rules and the gm rules. I believe they are stabilizing and by turn 10 I will be looking to incorporate most, if not all these rules. If you want to get copies, contact Thomas Harlan as noted below. This is not an attempt to generate revenue for Thomas but an offer for you to get the new rules before they come into play and comment on them. Religious Orders and Merchant Combines will probably be effected the most.

Also, on turn 10, I will strictly enforce MSP basing, command and control rules and adverse impacts of random events. Get your house in order.

Colonization: Any region that is cultivated or has been cultivated and is less than 2 GPV can be increased in value up to 2 GPV for the cost of 15 GP and 15 NFP per GPV of increase. Any named island can be colonized to 1 GPV.

Homeland colonization: any tech 6 nation can colonize their homeland to level 3 GPV, assuming its cultivated (and already 2 GPV) for a cost of 20 NFP and 20 GP; and tech 9 nation can colonize their homeland to level 4 GPV, assuming its cultivated (and already 3 GPV) for a cost of 25 NFP and 25 GP.

NEW --- >>> A new type of ship can be constructed by tech-8 nations called a merchantman (code = m). It has the cargo capacity of a heavy transport and the combat power of a heavy warship. It costs 2 nfp and 6 gp.

NEW --- >>> You are allowed to built chains across narrow bodies of water like rivers and harbors (like the lords-0 Byz Empire). You can build a chain represented by a fortress (costing 10nfp 10gp) [stops all shipping but lw or lt] or a more serious version that cost 25nfp and 50 gp [stops all shipping] depends on size and magnitude. You can also combine a fortress and chain by adding the above costs to a standing fortress. This rule is a work in progress, subject to change as it is play tested by gamers.

Mercs: Countries can hire out their troops as mercenaries as long as they provide a leader to go along with them.

Holy Roman Empire: National regions inside the Holy Roman Empire need not be contiguous in order to maintain control over them, though distance requirements are still in effect - no further than 1/2 their tech level in action points away from their border.

Mercantile Combines: A Mercantile Combine can trade with interior countries provided they have at least a BO in a city of the interior country and can reach a port city with at least a BO in it. The BO in the interior country can be no further than 1/2 their tech level in action points away from that port. In addition, that combine can conduct trade for the interior country by allocating MSP to that route, indicating a level of transportation assets committed to servicing that route. This conduit will count as one conduit for overseas trade.

Effective turn-6: the cost for combines to establish their organizational structure is as follows:

Structure

A clarification to the rule book: a combine can only handle one side of the trade between two nations. It is the responsibility of the combine to redistribute income from the routes his handles for his clients. Trade income received in turn 2 will be redistributed by the combine in turn 3.

Religious Orders: New status codes will be applied to religious orders. They are similar to Primate control statuses except they will allow for a slight increase in the amount of NFP generated. Also, the Religious Primate and a Religious Order (of the same religion) can maintain a status level in the same region or city. However, the Religious Order status cannot go higher that monastery (rmn) if the Primate has a monastery (mn) of its own. No two Religious Orders can maintain higher than abbey (rab) in the same region or city.

Religious Order Authority Control Statuses

Contacting the Game Master

You can contact me at the following address:

Dave Salter
7338 Rolling Oak Ln.
Springfield, VA 22153
Or call:

(703) 912-6076 [EST] (best time is 7-9 pm weekdays and after 6 pm on weekends.)

The best way to contact me is by email. I will answer mail as soon as I receive it.
My address is: salterdj@aol.com.

GENERAL THRONE ENTERPRISES INFORMATION AND PRICES

WORLD WIDE WEB HOME PAGE!

Throne Enterprises Home Page can be found at:
http://www.throneworld.com/lords/index.html

Click here to find out about other Lords of the Earth campaigns.

VARIOUS FEES AND LEVIES

Normal Turns: $5.00

MAPS

Will be available via the main web page only. Make sure you gain one of these maps for your area.

MAP CHANGES

I have made a few alterations to the maps. These changes reflect the changes, from my perspective, from the standard 1000AD start to 1400AD. Each turn's map will be updated and posted normally within a day of the Newsfax posting.

ORDERING THE RULEBOOK Lords of the Earth Campaign 31 uses the Middle Ages version 5.7 rulebook and the Renaissance Supplement version 2.1.1. You must order these rulebooks from Thomas Harlan.

Other Costs

Make out checks for these items to THOMAS HARLAN

Thomas Harlan
4858 East 2nd Street
Tucson, AZ 85711-1207

TROOP CONVERSIONS

Infantry (200 men = 1 point)
Cavalry (200 men and 200 horse = 1 point)
Siege Engineers (200 men = 1 point)
Warships (2 ships = 1 point)
Artillery (8 cannon and 200 men = 1 point)
Transports (2 ships = 1 point)

EUROPE

Northern Europe

Mercenaries

THE KINGDOM OF SCOTLAND
James I
DIPLOMACY: Lienster (nt)
James ordered his navy to screen the approaches to the North Sea and the English Channel. (See Aragon) Worried how his people might respond to a Papal call to arms, he issued the following and stayed at home to ensure nothing was bubbling under the surface.

My dear subjects.

Once again the Pope chooses the side of the Aggressor over that of the attacked just as they did when the English attacked Scotland telling us they were sorry there was nothing they could do. Now when allies of Burgundy Roman Catholic and Hussites attempt to restore Burgundy to its rightful place they call for Holy War against people who are only honoring their word to a Roman Catholic nation, Sworn before our lord God. So I now have no choice but to expel all representatives of the Pope from my Domain and confiscate all Church property. I will be turning the property over to the local priests who well remember the long hard road we ourselves walked in our attempt to regain our Freedom. The Scottish Kirk will once again be an Independent body answerable only to God. Not to a Pope who cares nothing for his flock. I deeply regret that this is required but can see no other option. I am still a pious Roman Catholic but I cannot follow the lead of a man who attacks people for doing what they swore to God they would do.

Thank You.
James I King of Scotland

James was distraught to learn of the events in the English Channel and of the fall of London.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE KINGDOM OF ENGLAND
Henry VI
DIPLOMACY: Gwynned (nt), Cornwall (ne, then pt)
Henry VI planned to evict French influence from English soil, by force if need be. He also made preparations for Catholic intervention, but he really expect French and not Iberian attacks. (See Aragon)

In the aftermath of the fall of London, Prince James rules for Henry from Northumbria.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE DANISH EMPIRE
Margaret
DIPLOMACY: Faeroes (nt)
Queen Margaret joins the Prussians, Poles and Bohemians in an attack on Brandenburg, though the Danish part is fairly small - taking the unwalled city of Rostock. She was not pleased with Iberian raids nor the terrible news from England. Looks like there will be work for the Danish fleet in the very near future.
Renaissance tech 8.

Western Europe

Mercenaries

THE FRENCH EMPIRE
Jean, Emperor of France
DIPLOMACY: Cornwall (ea, then un -due to attack by English)
The Emperor tries to gain from England's loss in Cornwall; his agent there continues to convince the locals that they would be better off under Catholic rule - despite English efforts to the contrary. By 1438, it looked like the English were not going to take no for an answer and chose to resolve the issue by military force. However, as soon as they completed their attack, the troops were recalled to the east. Assassins barely missed the Emperor as he was enjoying a hunting outing outside of Paris; the assassins were not caught.

The French Navy got a boost from the Imperial coffers and the cities of Marshall and Brest increased a level. The overall quality of the military also increase with when a new General took over the design and training of infantry and field artillery units. Jean ordered Lysette to return the French squadrons she had under her command. The squadron reportedly was lost in the Channel due to a sudden storm.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE DUCHY OF FLANDERS
Lysette, Duchess of Flanders, Protector of the House of Orange
DIPLOMACY: No effect
Duchess Lysette continues the role as a loyal subject to the French Emperor, paying tribute as requested and returning the naval units, as ordered. Her main concern was to rebuild the war torn (looted) regions under her control.
Renaissance tech 8

THE AVIGNON PAPACY
Leo IV
DIPLOMACY: Old Castile (mn), New Castile (ca), Salamanca (mn)
Leo cold no longer abide to betrayal of the Teutonic Knights and the heavy-handed interference by Prague in Catholic affairs. In the Spring of 1437, Leo issue forth a call for all Roman Catholics to rise up and crush the blasphemous Hussites.

GM NOTE - The Papacy successfully called a crusade, due in large extent on his own efforts to make it succeed and the support of several nations that joined/accepted the call.

In each player notes, I tell each player if their nation successfully responded to the call. If that nation did respond you must commit the number of units indicated to the crusade or I will generate them out of your next turns nfp. If you do commit the required number of troops, they will be reinforced by an additional number of "free" units that will join the crusading army. The various religious orders must respond in full to their Primate's call - no options!

The primary target of the crusade is Prague; if your nation cannot reach Prague in one turn, each called nation must attack the nearest Hussite nation. [Y'all have fun, now, ya hear.]

The Pope expanded his power and authority in Iberia as well as seeing to the welfare of his followers throughout Bavaria, Italy and Iberia.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE SWISS CONFEDERATION
Peter Ochs
DIPLOMACY: Alsace (nt, then n)
Edward gathers his forces for another round of smash the Hussite. He arrives in Austria just in time to see the Hungarians withdraw from the city of Vienna. Ah, but there is another match to the south. (See Austria)

Edward sees the victory outside of Linz but he does not live to see his homeland again. His Second, Peter Ochs now heads the Confederation.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE DUCHY OF AUSTRIA
Frederick II, Arch Duke of Austria, Holy Roman Emperor
DIPLOMACY: None
With all of the Holy Roman Empire at war, Frederick retains the title of Emperor, but the Electors must decide soon if they concur or select another Emperor. Frederick gathers his forces and awaits the Papal call to arms and the Hussite response; the Hussites wasted no time in responding. Only this time, the Ottomans decided to join the fray. Before the Turks could arrive, Hungarian and Serb armies attacked from Slovakia with the objective of taking Vienna. Frederick decided that he would send for his allies and wait inside the wall of the city. Hopefully help would come in time. (See Serbia)

After the Hungarians and Serbs withdrew back into Hungary, Frederick's allies arrived. Although they were not needed in order to break the siege of Vienna, word soon came of the Ottoman investment of Trieste and their subsequent turn north into Carthinia. The League formed up and moved south to meet this new threat. As they arrived on the plains outside of Linz, they face almost 20,000 cavalry back up by 10 batteries of cannon. Though outnumbered by more than 2:1 in cavalry, the allies had over 25,000 infantry and more than six times the cannon of the Turks.

Mustaffa, the Ottoman general was the equal of Frederick and more experienced at handling large armies. He realized the key to the battle was to destroy the allied cannon before they could decimate his cavalry. He launched himself directly at the center of the allied line hoping to break the Swiss pikemen and shatter the batteries arrayed there. But the Swiss were up to the task and the fire from the massed cannon took a terrible toll on the Turk horse. Mustaffa, himself, was wounded in the charge. With two of his aids helping him from the field, the Turks withdrew in good order and yielded their gains to the Austrian allies.

By late Spring 1439, Austria had not only regained all it had lost but also the province of Slovenia and the Hungarian half of Trieste. News came of a terrible struggle up north in Brandenburg so Frederick and the allies started to move north to see if the tales were true and to determine what they could do about it. (See Bohemia / Brandenburg)
Renaissance tech 8.

GRAND DUCHY OF THE RHINE
Rupert IV
DIPLOMACY: None
Rupert gathers his forces and outbids the Bohemians for the local mercs - Bohemia got 10hc. By April of 1438, it was apparent the Hussite forces, massinf on the eastern and siouthern borders of Brandenburg would attack. Bring all the supplies he could find Rupert sent his army to Berlin to aid in the defense of that city. (See Teutonic Knights) One surprise was the absence of English raids along the Rhine, but Denmark remained a concern.
Renaissance tech 8.

HANSEATIC LEAGUE
Klaus Stortebecker
DIPLOMACY: West European mercs (broker) (success), Mannheim (bo), Freiburg (mf), Dijon (mf), Nancy (ci), Tyre (ma), Adana (ma), Paphos (mf), Antioch (mf), Cairo (ma), Thebes (ma), Q'arum (ma), Rhodones (ci), Smyrna (ci)
The League continued to expand its holdings in the eastern Med and reaching up the Nile river basin. Iberian mercenaries switched to Genoa as their broker while the merc companies of western Europe signed with the Hansa.
Renaissance tech 8.

DUCHY OF BRANDENBURG
Wilhelm I, Elector of Brandenburg
DIPLOMACY: None
The Elector Wilhelm orders improvements made in the living conditions of Berlin, more of a point in showing the citizens he was confident in the future of the city. The Elector coordinates his actions with those of Saxony. (See Teutonic Knights)
Renaissance tech 8.

DUCHY OF BOHEMIA
Stavot
DIPLOMACY: Alsace (no net effect)
The Duke joined forces with the Hussite primate and sent the bulk north to take part in the attack on Brandenburg; this attack would be launched in the spring of 1438. Another force was standing by to protect Prague from Austrian (League) invasion, if no invasion was forthcoming then an attack into Bavaria would be launched.

The northern front opened with a weak attempted assassination that was easily brushed aside. There was only minor resistance in Thuringia, itself. The walled city of Magdeburg presented a stronger challenge but its walls were soon pierced and the city occupied. The combined Bohemian / Hussite army then move into Lausatia to help with the siege of Berlin. (See Teutonic Knights)

The southern attack was never executed for fear of the League's approach to the Bohemian frontier. Efforts to court Alsace were negated by similar Swiss efforts.
Renaissance tech 8.

HUSSITES - Prague Papacy
Pope Sandor, Servant of the Lord
DIPLOMACY: Meissen (mn), Danzig (ab), Franconia (ch)
Jan Hus joined his favorite general, Jan Zizka, and the Bohemians in an attack on Brandenburg. An attack that Hus would not survive. (See Bohemia / Teutonic Knights) Vaclav Koranda was elected to the Papacy and has taken the name of Pope Sandor. Several sites were established in the HRE and Danzig, while Hussite military instructors went abroad to assist in the training and education at the various military academies.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE KINGDOM OF HUNGARY
Sigmund, King of Hungary
DIPLOMACY: None
Sigmund names his eldest son Sziv as Heir in case he does not return and marches forth. He has called for a Mass Conscription of the young and the old to swell the ranks that he will take with him to Austria. Rumors abounded but one thing was for certain. Peace in all of Europe was about to break down into a state of Chaos, it had been doing so for many years now and it was amazing Hungary was not drawn fully into it sooner. This time around Bavaria was not going to return to a independent state and Austria sadly had decided to bear a difficult burden. Choices had to be made and with a tear in his eye he whispered "God save us all" as he strode forth with his Honor Guard of Elite Heavy Footmen

This was a long time coming in the area and with the faithful Slovakian ally, he sallied forth under the banner of his king. As the proud Heavy Cavalry appeared his heart leaped and soon he spotted more of the army. Artillery pieces and Brave Heavy Infantry wearing the Kings own markings and finally a Siege Train. This was going to be a battle he could tell his grandchildren about, should he survive. His lighter cavalry forces were to make sure no one flanked the army and scout ahead. (See Serbia)
Renaissance tech 8.

Iberian Peninsula

Mercenaries

THE KINGDOM OF CASTILE
Juan II
DIPLOMACY: none
Enrique heeds the Papal Call and gathers his forces; he is pleased by the spontaneous support from his people. Coordinating his plan of action with Pedro of Aragon and Henry of Portugal, he prepares his troops for the invasion of England under the command of Prince Rafeal! (See Aragon)

Enrique would not live to see the result of the English invasion, nor the news of his son's siring a beautiful daughter. Juan takes the throne and awaits news from England.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE KINGDOM OF ARAGON
Pedro V
DIPLOMACY: Gagnoa (fa), Valencia (some effect)
Petro reorganizes his fleet into heavier units and splits them into two components; one to guard the invasion fleet and the other to clear the way of Hussite warships and to cause a diversion in England.

By July of 1437 all was ready and the fleets set sail for England. As the lead fleet approached the English Channel, they spotted Scot light vessels forming a screen in their way. As they entered the Channel they moved off to the east and out of sight - presumably to report to their Hussite masters. Near the Cliffs of Dover, the Iberians spotted the English fleet heading their way. Numerically, the fleets were relatively even - almost 100 English heavy warships to about 110 Iberian heavy warships. The main difference was the quality of the Iberian shipping and the fact that they were all manned by elite crews, while the English had only one squadron of similarly manned vessels.

On August 21st, the two fleets met and at once the superior seamanship and longer ranged cannon of the Iberians began to ravage the English fleet. Within an hour, half the English fleet lay on the bottom of the Channel with another quarter trying to limp to the English shoreline. Only a quarter of the fleet managed to disengage and flee into the North Sea. If the Iberians had chosen to give chase, surely they all would have perished, but they had another task at hand.

The Iberians moved to the coast of Anglia and began to raid the province; they acted as if they had all the time in the world, for their main object was not English gold and silver but to draw out the English army. As they learned of the approach of English troops, they boarded their ships and headed north to Northumbria, where they continued their raiding.

In the meantime, the Scots moved to follow the Iberians and their lead vessels saw the destruction of the English fleet; there would be no harassment of fleeing Iberians today. As they turned to move off to the west they discovered another fleet with a large amount of transport vessels attached. Since they were guarded by almost 100 heavy warships, the 50 light Scottish warships chose to screen the vessels and then head north back to Scotland - this was going to be a bad year for England.

As, Henry VI learned of the disaster in the Channel, he left Cornwall and moved toward Sussex to guard the capitol; riders came up to him, reporting that the Iberian fleet was landing in Anglia. Was this an invasion, a raid or a deception. With no word from the Scots (he didn't even know if their fleet still existed), he decided to move toward Anglia in case it was an invasion. By the time he got there, the Iberians had "fled" the scene. He moved back to Sussex into to learn of that the real invasion had occurred in Wessex and the Iberians, some 20,000 strong were moving toward London.

Knowing his cavalry was much better than anything the Iberians had, he felt confident he could put them to flight. What he hadn't counted on were the massive array of cannon the Iberians had brought with them. Within a couple of hours, Henry and the remnants of the English were fleeing toward London. When he got to London, Henry was heartbroken that the Scots had not arrived and he might not be able to turn back the tide.

Though, the English were better at siege warfare than the Iberians, the Iberians seem to know just where the weaknesses were in the walls surrounding London. And for six long months the siege was actively pursued by the mainly Castilian troops. With the constant pounding of 20 batteries of cannon, the walls were finally breached. The English tried to plug the hole but the mass of Iberians were too much for them; London and Henry fell into their hands. London was theirs but it had cost over 4,000 casualties.

The first fleet continued to ravage the English and Danish coastlines; fortunately for the Iberians, the Danish fleet was in the Baltic occupied with pounding away at the city of Rostock.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE KINGDOM OF PORTUGAL
Henry the Navigator
DIPLOMACY: Bilboa (reduces English level to un), Faiyum (nt), Palma kicks Ottomans out of Palma
Edward builds several more squadrons of ships of war, puts the fleet under the command of Diego and sends him north into English waters. (See Aragon) He pays off his various loans and makes additional gold shipments to the Templars and the Syrians. He orders the English and Ottomans out of Bilboa and Palma, respectively and convinces the Moslem population of Faiyum he is not such a bad guy. Some progress was made in converting the pagans of Benin in West Africa.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE TEMPLARS, KNIGHTS OF CHRIST
Feterrick, Grand Master
DIPLOMACY: oh's throughout Iberia
Feterick expands the Order's reach and support base in Iberia and readies the Order to respond to the Pope's call to arms.
Renaissance tech 8.

Southern Europe

Mercenaries

THE DUCHY OF MILAN
Domenico
DIPLOMACY: None
Domenico prepares for the Papal call to arms and joins his general, Fravalo, to react to Hussite aggression. (See Austria) The price would be high as Fravalo succumbs to wounds received against the Ottomans. Domenico was pleased with his people's support for the war and the news of increased population in Provence.
Renaissance tech 9.

THE REPUBLIC OF VENICE
Galeazzo, Doge of Venice
DIPLOMACY: None
The Doge commits his forces to the defense of the Alliance - again, he would not have long to wait for word arrived in early spring of 1437 of the Hungarian / Serb invasion of Austria. (See Serbia / Austria)
Renaissance tech 8.

THE KINGDOM OF NAPLES
Leonardo, Prince of Salerno
DIPLOMACY: None
Leonardo expanded the city of Naples and strengthen its port fortress. Other units were called up and projects were built throughout the Kingdom. Work continues on the Naples to Rome royal road. Leonardo has guaranteed Floentine integrity , but soon he may have to fight his own people to protect them.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE REPUBLIC OF FLORENCE
Alessandro de' Medici, Protector of the Florentine Republic
DIPLOMACY:
Cosimo again secured the services of the Italian mercenaries and prepared for war and war again passed over the Republic. Cosimo returned to his palace after a late night in the countryside; he stumbled into Alessandro's room and whispered into his ear. Those words were the last ever spoken by the Protector of Florence. Maria, Alessandro's sister, took the death particularly hard but she was determined to carry out the last orders her father had given her.

She withdrew funds from her own assets and collected a team of questionable repute; after many weeks of practice and rehearsal they hatched their scheme. However, that mountain proved to be insurmountable and the risky schemed failed when Papal guards caught them approaching the Pope's chambers. Maria was not present but she new what had happened when the others failed to report and the Pope was seen at the morning Mass. Despondent, she fled to her brother's arms who comforted her and told her of new days to come and new opportunities to take advantage of.
Renaissance tech 9.

GENOESE TRADE COMBINE
Ercole
DIPLOMACY: Old Castile (ma), New Castile (ma), Madrid (mf), Madiera (mf), Muscovy (mf), Kazan (mf), Astarkhan (ma), Avignon (ma), Iberian Mercs (brokered deal), Milan (ma)
Grimaldi makes the usual investments and brokers a new contract with the Iberian Mercenaries, taking the contract from the Hansa. Trade routes are reorganized and new offices and agents established throughout Europe. Genoa has joined the upper elite in the advance of scientific thought.
Renaissance tech 9.

Eastern Europe

Mercenaries

THE EMPIRE OF POLAND AND LITHUANIA
Dobry, Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland
DIPLOMACY: Prussia (f), Pechneg (ea), Daugava (t), Atelzuko (a)
Dobry decided Brandenburg must fall and sent the bulk of his army to make it happen. (See Teutonic Knights)

Gold was sent to the Golden Horde and successful efforts made to consolidate recent diplomatic gains. Dobry was saddened by the loss of his long time friend, the Count of Turov, at the walls of Berlin.
Renaissance tech 8.

DUCHY OF BOCHNIA
Vaclav, Duke of Bochnia, Vassal of Poland
DIPLOMACY: fa to Poland
Vaclav braced himself when he heard of the papal call to arms; fortunately, his people had seen enough of war - being surrounded by Hussites, did not bode well for the near-term prosecution of any anti-Hussite campaign - he chose not to respond to the call.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE EASTERN ORTHODOX PATRIARCHY
Nektarty, Patriarch of Kiev
DIPLOMACY: Heraclea (ab), Moscow (mn), St Basil (ch), Ukraine (ch), Orchridia (ch)
Nektary builds the Church up in Balkans, Poland and Muscovy. Gold was also shipped to Thrace and public works were constructed in Kiev.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE TEUTONIC KNIGHTS
Ernst von Hintz, Grand Master
DIPLOMACY: None
Otto would not be turned aside like Conrad a few years ago; this time the bulk of the Polish Imperial army would be on hand as well as Bohemian and Hussite troops. All told there would be over 70,000 troops (35,000 Prussians, 24,000 Poles, 10,000 Bohemians and Mercs, and 8,000 Hussites).

These forces would be divided into three separate armies: the Prussians attacking from Pomerania; the Poles from Kauyavia; and the Bohemians and Hussites from Bohemia. The two northern prongs hit Lausatia in May of 1438 while the Bohemians were overrunning Thuringia and Magdeburg. By late summer all three armies had invested Berlin and there were here to stay.

Facing them behind the walls of Berlin where 40,000 Saxons, Brandenburgers and mercenaries. Prince Heinz led the defenders and he could tell this would be a different type of siege than the last attempt as few years prior. He new that Zizka was his counter-part on the other side. Both sides were fairly evenly matched, all told. Leadership and intelligence efforts canceled each other, while the quality edge of the Hussites were watered downed by the number of other troops present. There were the normal coordination problems associated with such a large multi-national force. It looked like Lady Luck would decide the outcome of this battle.

The siege started in earnest in August and continued unabated through early January where the Lady made her presence felt. A long round fired by a Saxon cannon hit near the Jan Zizka as he observed the action. A fragment took him in the chest and he died shortly thereafter. Otto, himself was wounded, but he refused to be taken from the field.

Three months later the Lady finished her job with Otto, temporarily spreading confusion through the Prussian ranks. The quickly rallied under the steady hand of Johann von Mittelsbach, who assumed overall command of the Hussite forces. As spring turned to summer, Johann decided to try an all out assault to breach the walls over the northern gate. The Polish lord, the Count of Turov, a fine general in his on right, volunteered to led the assault.

On the third of June, 1439, The Count led the assault followed by 10,000 Poles and Prussians. While Hussite cannon suppressed the defenders, the assault force reached the walls with minimal casualties. That is when the Lady dealt her final blow; by a clerical error the SAxons had moved extra powder and oil to that very spot. As the Count cleared the wall the powered exploded, sending oil over the wall and unto the assaulting troops. The assault collapsed on the spot and the survivors fled to friendly lines, chased all the way by embolden Saxon gunners.

With that failure, the siege was no longer tenable and the Hussite forces withdraw back to their starting positions (the Bohemians and Hussites withdrawing to Thuringia).
Renaissance tech 8.

THE REPUBLIC OF NOVGOROD
Pyotr
DIPLOMACY: None
Pyotr focuses on defending the Republic for all possible enemies. He was able to hire Bayruk to help train his forces. He sired a son in 1438 and a daughter in 1439 while he waited for his rivals to attack.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE PRINCIPALITY OF MOSCOW
Ivan
DIPLOMACY: Rhzev (t)
Basil II lived to see a new grandson born but the toll of harsh winters finally claimed him early in 1437. His son Ivan assumed the throne (along with the continued payments to the Golden Horde) without incident.
Civilized tech 7.

THE KHANATE OF THE GOLDEN HORDE
Jamuka, Khakhan of the Golden Horde, Darighachi of Crimea, Gurkhan of the Kipchak, Beloved of Yahweh
STARTS WITH: None
The Khakhan watched the busy Italians work their trade through out his realm. He awaited word from the west for news but none came - the young pup can fend for himself. The Poles continue their annual contribution to the coffers of the Khakhan as does Moscow and Novgorod - but for different reasons. Jamaka's scribes are busy trying to translate the Torah into something more readable - the work is slow and progress seems even slower.
Civilized - tech 7.

THE PRINCIPALITY OF SERBIA
Lazarus I
DIPLOMACY: None
Stephen heeds the call of his Hussite allies and joins with Hungary for an assault on Austria and Vienna. The combined force was well over 20,000 troops, heavy in cavalry and siege/artillery. This force crossed into Austria from Slovakia, seeing the Austrians fall back before them.

Stephen arrives at the gates of Vienna in early September of 1437. He quickly coordinates the investment of the city and launches an aggressive siege. The first attack was bloodily repulsed, with over 4,000 casualties. After consulting with Sigmund of Hungary, they decided to withdraw back to Slovakia - particularly after hearing the news of Swiss troops rapidly approaching from the west.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE THRACIAN REPUBLIC
Gregory, First of Thrace, Savior of the East
DIPLOMACY: Macedonia (f)
Gregory gave up control of Adana and allowed the Turks free passage through his nation - not much of a choice in the matter. He strengthened his defenses and trained some of his less experienced troops. New city walls surround Heraclea and Thessaloniki. In Macedon, the heir found a bride and the Republic a new friend.
Renaissance tech 9.

ASIA

The Middle East

Mercenaries

THE OTTOMAN SULTANATE
Sulieman, Shield of Christ and Emperor of the Ottomans
DIPLOMACY: Constatinople (f) (city), Phocea (t)
Sulieman finally got through the red tape in the Thracian Republic and got them to turn over Adana. He then gathered his forces and split them into a Home Guard, which he would control and the Imperial Army. This army, he gave to Mustaffa with orders to attack Austria. The campaign stumbled a little at the start when the Syrians took the Mid East cavalry mercenaries with a higher bid and the Poles outbid for the services of Bayruk. (See Austria / Syria)
Renaissance tech 8.

THE KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHNS
Jean Bobpars de Lastie, Grand Master
DIPLOMACY: Dijon (oh), Brabant (oh), Lisbon (oh), Seville (oh), Madiera (oh), Barcelona (oh), Genoa (oh), Rome (oh)
Jean prepared for the defense of Rhodes and took the news badly of the Papal call to arms; many of his men would end up fighting former colleagues and friends. In preparation, he expanded the Orders support base into Iberia and north into the former Burgundian states. Some inconclusive actions took place in the north - whether that was good news or bad will be determined later.
Renaissance tech 8.

THE SYRIAN EMIRATE
Nabil Faisal
DIPLOMACY: Banavasi (ea), Qatar (t)
Looking to take advantage of his old adversary's distraction in Europe, Nabil mobilized his forces and gathered them into two wings on the border with the "Turks." Mustafa commanded the southern wing, with some 5,000 cavalry and 4,000 infantry, plus Petrian allied troops. He would advance across the border into Cilicia and Isauria and meet the Emir in Phyrgia. Somewhat offset from the southern timetable, Nabil, with almost 20,000 men, would fall on Vaspurakan from the Lazica highlands. He would then drive into Psidia before meeting the southern wing in Phrygia.

All went according to plan, with the lead elements of both wings crushing small reaction forces from Vaspurakan, Cappadocia and Paphlogonia. They arrived at the gates of Bursa to find the Sultan laughing mightily from the city's walls. Is this man mad? Then with a closer look at the city's walls, he noticed them fully manned with massive amounts of cannon and a significant number of other troops (around 15,000) - this would be a costly and futile siege. With that realization, Nabil withdrew his army to Psidia.
Civilized - tech 7.

EMIRATE OF RUM
Abdullah
DIPLOMACY: Abasigia (t), El'bruz (ea)
Hamir continued to make diplomatic gains, convincing El'bruz to become an economic ally while Abasigia agreed to pay tribute. A port city (Hamirabad) was also built in Abasigia and efforts made to convert the locals to Islam.
Civilized tech 7.

Central Asia

THE SAFAVID SULTANATE
Haidar
DIPLOMACY: Tadzik (f), Uzebek (nt), Singanakh (nt), Khiva (ea), Bactria (f), Tashkent (f)
Haidar had had enough of the Mongols, for now. He concentrated on domestic affairs, strengthening ties within his own nation and rebuilding his army.
Civilized 6.

THE CHEIBANID KHANATE
Toghrul
DIPLOMACY: None
Keeping an alert eye to the south, Toghrul continues his efforts to improve the lot of his nation.
Nomadic tech 6.

India

Mercenaries

THE SULTANATE OF DELHI
Khalamar
DIPLOMACY: Vatsa (nt, then revolts), Tarain (hm)
The Sultan agrees to the Ummah Peace, making the following proclamation:.

"The Sultan of Delhi has determined that the decadent peoples of Jaunpur are not what we want in our society. We therefore turn them away and withdraw our enlightened scholar-soldiers from those lands.
May Allah have mercy on them."

The Sultan withdraws from Rajput, just in time to meet a new threat. (See Gujerat)
Civilized tech 6.

THE SULTANATE OF GUJERAT
Mahmud Shah
DIPLOMACY: Surashtra (f), Sind (f)
The Shah was disappointed in the Peace signed between his rivals to the north; no matter, there would be one less rival shortly. Gathering his forces, over 12,000 cavalry, infantry and siege engineers, he marched into Chitor. With no resistance in sight, he garrisoned the region and moved into Uttar Pradesh where he met the main Delhi army of some 9,000 troops supported by field fortifications. Though Delhi was fighting on a battlefield of its choosing, the leadership of the Gujerat army was far superior.

In a bold move, Prince Ali Razzaq had his cavalry move to the deep left flank of the Delhi army. At dawn, on the 26 of August 1438, with the Sun to their back, they crashed into the exposed flank of Khalamar's army. The shock to the army was devastating; they broke almost as one, many only to be run down by the pursuing Gujerat cavalry. The survivors fled to Tarain while the victors moved against the unwalled city of Delhi.
Civilized tech 7.

THE SULTANATE OF JAUNPUR
Begarha
DIPLOMACY: Kaunaj (ea)
The Sultan agreed to the peace brokered by the Ummah which gave Rajput back to Jaunpur, while Begarha yielded Vatsa to Delhi. Begarha left Vatsa to return to Jaunpur to rule over his nation. His son, with an escort of 4,000 of his best friends, re-enters Rajput as a hero. Work continues on converting the Hindu of Chandela.
Civilized tech 7.

THE SULTANATE OF BENGAL
Vanje
DIPLOMACY: Nadivaria (t), Maghada (f)
Vanje continued conversion of the local Hindu under-class. Tamralipti again increased a level and some merchant shipping was delivered to the Genoese. Bengal's influence over the Burmese Heir aided Pegu's efforts to absorb that nation, for which they received gold from Pegu.
Civilized tech 7.

THE HINDU KINGDOM OF ORISSA
Sangramaraja
DIPLOMACY: Pundra (f), Kosala (f), Nasik (nt)
Sangramaraja brought his new friends closer into the Kingdom and even offered ties to the Moslem west. The army was prepared to meet any contingency. he was pleased with the birth of a daughter and a son, but his daughter is such a frail little thing.
Civilized tech 7.

THE SULTANATE OF MALWA
Ala-ud-din
DIPLOMACY: None
Ala-ud-din watched his neighbors with growing alarm. Despite the efforts of the Kaliphate, the ambition of the Indian Moslems knows no apparent bounds.
Civilized tech 7.

THE FIST OF ALLAH
Firuz Shah
DIPLOMACY: Gujerat (op), Anhivarta (oo), Ahmadabad (oh)
Firuz Shah expanded his influence to the north.
Civilized tech 7.

THE BHAKTI BRAHMO SAMAJ
Ramanada
DIPLOMACY: Samatata (ca), Malacca (ca)
Ramanada helped the people of Chola improve their living conditions has well has improved his influence in Samatata and the Malay Peninsula.
Civilized tech 7.

THE VIJAYANGAR EMPIRE
Samarajya
DIPLOMACY: Kollam (f), Gangas (f), Polonarva (a)
Samarajya reluctantly accepted the provisions of the Tanjore Accords. The King focused his energies on building his defenses and on the welfare of his subjects. Public works were built in Tanjore and Kollam. The Primate at the request of the King built additional public works in Kollam. Samarajya sent his son, Vasuman, to Kollam to secure the loyalty of the city to the Empire. The Empires other Lts, busily went about their duties of securing other cities and regions firmly into the Empire, with the exception of General Alanon who stood on guard with the nations' cavalry force. Deals were made with the Genoans to expand the city of Calicut and take Vijayangars goods into the European markets. Other deals were made that might turn the tables on any future attacker.
Civilized tech 7.

Indochina and Indonesia

THE BURMAN KINGDOM OF AVA
Minhkaung
DIPLOMACY: (ea) to Pegu
Minhkaung found the Mon of Pegu to be both charming and a visionary; he yielded his throne and retired to his highland estates.
Civilized tech 6.

THE MON KINGDOM OF PEGU
Razadraya
DIPLOMACY: Burma (f)
Razadraya told entire leadership to stay at the court in Pagan until they got the results he wanted - Burma fully absorbed by Pegu. Gold is sent to Bengal to soothe any ruffled feathers. Razadraya continued the cultivation project in Kayah while efforts to initiate societal changes appear to be on hold.
Civilized tech 6.

THE KINGDOM OF CHAMPA
Naraj Sri Harivaraja
DIPLOMACY: None
Naraj concentrated on efforts at home. Late in 1440, much of the King's army entered the capitol and made many arrests. What they were after and why remained a mystery but is was clear that the King was satisfied with the outcome.
Civilized tech 6.

THE THAI KINGDOM OF AYUTHIA
Chulongaket, King of the Thai, Guardian of Angkor
DIPLOMACY: Samatata (t), Andaman Islands (ne)
Chulongaket continues to worry over Champan intentions while he is able to gain stronger ties with Samatata due to the turmoil in the area. Javan arrogance is beginning to wear thin, however, news of the birth of a daughter seemed to soothe his anger. His diplomat stopping on the Andaman Islands, dropping of signs that read: "No Java need apply" and Peguans Keep Out."
Civilized tech 6.

THE MAJAPAHIT KINGDOM OF JAVA
Dapapuru, Nirguna, King of Java
DIPLOMACY: Sabah (t), Kedah (a), Timor (a)
If it wasn't one thing, it was another. Hardly had the Hindu war in India been peacefully resolved than the Spectre of further trouble reared its ugly head. Only this time much closer to home. Tavaralam had gone to his grave with the satisfaction Java had fared well under his guidance. His role as a peacemaker too had earned the respect of everyone across the Hindu world. And so Darapuru was only too aware his actions and achievements would be matched against those of his father. The rise to prominence of the simmering dispute over the future of the Andaman Islands would prove his first test.

Some time before, his father had seen fit to press Java's claims to the islands. Its Pegu overlords had intimated a willingness to discuss Java's interests in the Andamans. Negotiations had reached a point where a settlement was in sight. A good-faith payment had been sent to Pegu in confirmation of Java's honest intent. But now the arrangement was in tatters. The appearance on the scene of the perfidious Ayuthians had an immediate and detrimental impact upon the previous harmony. Their appetite for land was endless, despite their domination of much of Indochina. With the introduction of their overbearing neighbors, Pegu's attentions turned away from Java. Alarmed by the belligerence displayed by Ayuthia, Pegu retreated from its commitments to Java. Darapuru recognized that precipitate action would only add to the regional tension and stayed his hand. For now at least.

For his trouble, Injaya once again found himself aboard ship and sailing west. Such had been his success in charting western waters that his king thought little of sending him out again to build on his earlier discoveries. He called in to Cuddalore on his way to deliver the promised reparations to the Vijayangar king, Java's contribution to resolution of the late war between the kingdom and neighboring Orissa. It was hoped too that the presence of Javan warships in Indian waters would provide some support to their Hindu brethren as the tide of war swept the north.

Dapapuru also made a call on Timor, seeking a bride and closer ties to the island - new allies were made and deals were struck. Java's position on the Malayan peninsula continues to strengthen.
Civilized tech 6.

East Asia

Mercenaries

THE EMPIRE OF THE GREAT KHAN
Henghis Khan
DIPLOMACY: Sikhote (a), Kerait (a)
The Khan took his young son out tp conduct family business (slave raiding), while projects continue unabated in (actually finished in Angarland), Yensey, and Beryat. A city (Ulaanbaatar) was built near the fortress in Keriat, who became fast allies to the Great Khan.
Civilized tech 6.

MING EMPIRE OF CHINA
Jingtai
DIPLOMACY: Funiu (f), Lu'an (f), Shan'si (f), Shangtung (f), Chinling (a), Nanling (f), Kansu (ea), Lingtung (a)
Jingtai continues in his father's path with many improvements for the people of the glorious Ming. One new port city is built to improve trade capability within the Asian sphere. The region of Ghuizou is cultivated and the Postal road network is extended to Nan Chao, while elsewhere, regional ties are cemented. Agricultural, septic and other improvements are increased to aid the peasants and bring on the age of enlightenment for the Ming Empire.
Civilized tech 7.

TEIKOKU NIPPON
Yamana Goto, Emperor of Japan
DIPLOMACY: Shikoku (ea)
Yamana Goto again invested in the lives of the people of rural Kwanto; he also continues diplomatic discussions with Shikoku. He is pleased with the arrival of a second daughter in 1438, but is crushed when his eldest daughter dies the next year.
Civilized tech 7.

THE GORYEO KINGDOM
Hong-Suk
DIPLOMACY: Mantap (t), Mudan (t)
Hong-Suk invests in public works projects in his homeland and saves for the future.
Civilized tech 6.

TIBET
Tsong-Kha-Pa
DIPLOMACY: Nan Chao (ca), Shensi (ab), Atmanpurnam in Gt'sang (f)
Tsong completes his book, The Leaves, which will now by the guide and standard of the Yellow Hat faith, as well as that of all Buddhists in the world. Supported by his growing instruments of power and authority, he sets about cleaning house. Corruption will be strictly purged, and harmony instilled in all. We are about to begin a new phase of Buddhism, where the tenets and precepts of the Bodhisattva's enlightenment will be delivered directly to the people. Pray for all who don't follow these new ways...

A church is established in Honan, while beautiful cathedral is founded in Nan Chao. Priests reinforce Tsong's message in the region of Shensi, establishing an abbey there and a new city is built in Gt'sang.
Civilized tech 6.

OCEANIC

Polynesia and Australia

AFRICA

Northern Africa

THE MARINID Khalifate
Khalifah Al-Rashidun Abu Said Othman, Amir Al-Mu'mineen (The Righteous Successor of Mohammad, Leader of the Believers)
DIPLOMACY: Zufar (mn), Hamadan (mn), Ghana (ab), Sudan (ab), Mansura (ab), Merv (ab), Arguin (ab), Awlil (ab), Mauritania (ab)
Abu Said Othman continues to strengthen and expand his authority to the east and south. he was not pleased with the turn of events in India, though the war in Europe was enough to overwhelm many disappointments.

Abdkhalifah Taymullah the Wise traveled around Merrakesh and Morroco, giving speeches and speaking with local leaders, townspeople and villagers. He seemed genuinely interested in the smallest details of the people's lives, and asked many questions. One would think he was campaigning for public office, even though the Khalifate is by no means a democracy and Taymullah is the Khalifah (heir apparent).
Renaissance tech 8.

THE HAFSID SULTANATE
Bourguiba
DIPLOMACY: El Golea (nt), Fez (ea)
Nasir enriched the cultivated lands of Tunisia and reached his hand south into the desert oasis. Allah finally called him home and Bourguiba assumes the role of Sultan without incident.
Renaissance tech 8.

Western Africa

THE MALI EMPIRE OF SONGHAY
Naseem, Servant of Allah
DIPLOMACY: Zerma (f), Khalem (t)
Nasir orders slave raids to start up again, working the regions of Adawara, Adwaghost, Jenne, Kurfei, Mossi, Bani, and Tusyam. The slaves and gold taken from those regions were used to build a postal road connecting the cities of Kumbi-Saleh, Bamako, and Timbuctu. Trade was started with the pagan tribes of the Kongo.
Civilized tech 6.

THE KINGDOM OF KANEM
Boyoma, Mai of the Kanem
DIPLOMACY: None
Boyoma concentrated on the welfare of his people, improving living conditions in the countryside throughout Kanem.
Civilized tech 6.

HAUSALAND
Shawasata, Magajiya of Daura
DIPLOMACY: None
Shawasata concentrated on internal matters for the time being, keeping a watchful eye on his more aggressive neighbors.
Civilized tech 6.

Eastern Africa

THE KINGDOM OF ABYSSINIA
Mathias
DIPLOMACY: Yemen (ea), Aswan (ea), Saukin (ea), Danakil (t), Adulis (f), Lalibela (ea), Kassala (ea), Gezira (a), Kosti (t), Thebes (ea), Alwa (a), Axum (f), Dongola (nt)
Mathias ships grain to Portugal and builds shipping for Genoa. He again orders massive diplomatic efforts throughout his realm, which are largely successful. He grants basing rights to Genoa and tolerates efforts by Moslems to build tolerance between Coptic Christianity and Islam.
Civilized tech 7.

Southern Africa

THE BAKONGO KINGDOM
Oduduma, King of Bakongo
DIPLOMACY: None
Oduduma considers his legacy and starts a major project at home. He also built a port city of Bata in Teke to trade with rumored rich city-states to the north.
Barbarian tech 4. No cavalry.

THE KINGDOM OF THE MWANA-MUTAPHA
Dunbo Changamire, King of Rozwi
DILPOMACY: Zambia (f), Luangula (nt)
Dunbo gains closer ties with Zambia and starts ties with the Luangula.
Civilized tech 4. No cavalry.

THE NEW WORLD

North America

THE MISSISSIPPI EMPIRE
Sequoiya, Son of the Sun
DIPLOMACY: Coahuiltec (nt, then rebels), Chatot colonized to (0/3), Mejcalero (f), Kolomoki (f), Yamasee (ea)
The Sun King dies in a valiant effort to sire more children (what a way to go); Sequoiya takes the reigns of power and all bow to him. He continues the work of his father, trying to expand the Empire to the ends of the world. The region of Chatot is colonized and more work is done down south but it is to far away to effectively control. Other areas of the Empire are consolidated and Hiawatha returns from a treacherous journey to the Delta Sea and beyond - losing most of his ships in the venture.
Pre-Columbian. No cavalry.

THE SEQUOIA NATION
Growling Bear
DIPLOMACY: Patwin (f), Serrano (f)
The Sequoia Nation regained its former size and Running Bear was pleased; he could now go to that great hunting ground in the mountains to the east. Growling Bear loved his two sons, but he could not chose an heir so they had a contest - the younger brother won, leaving the older brother outside the clan structure.
Barbarian. No cavalry.

Meso-America

THE TEPANEC HEGEMONY
Xiu Cinteotl
DIPLOMACY: none
Xiu Cinteotl improves his defenses in order to protect himself from anticipated Aztec atrocities.
Civilized tech 4. No cavalry.

THE ARAWAK OF THE ISLANDS
Ahabatey
DIPLOMACY: Ciboney (nt)
Ahabatey saves for the future.
Barbarian tech 3. No cavalry.

THE AZTECS
Quaklata, the Blood King
DIPLOMACY: Tlapocoya (f), Tepanec (nt)
Matlaccoatzin ordered the slave raids on the old Mixtec provinces of Nahuatl, Huave, and Popoluca to continue while he colonized the regions of Culhua and Huexotla. The Blood King did not live to see his orders carried out - dying quietly in his sleep. Quaklata is now the Blood King and he more than relishes the job. Tlapocoya becomes a full member of the Empire and the Florida Strait is explored.
Civilized tech 4. No cavalry.

South America

THE MIGHTY INCAN EMPIRE
Yupanqui
DIPLOMACY: Huari (f), Valdivia (nt), Uru (a)
Yupanqui married his sister off the the lord of Uru, gaining that worthy noble as a trusted ally. The citizens of Huari are now full members of the Empire and Valdivia recognizes Incan rule. The Sea of Chile is explored though a few ships were lost in a sudden storm as they approached the southern reaches of the Sea. Life in the homeland was improved through a variety of public works projects.
Civilized tech 5. No cavalry

MSI-10

Last Updated on 21 September 00
By David Salter